Celestrak Data:
PROBA-1
1 26958U 01049B 25062.95124520 .00003821 00000+0 26923-3 0 9995
2 26958 97.9443 51.4763 0056173 270.1323 89.3465 15.04395127272849
CUTE-1 (CO-55)
1 27844U 03031E 25062.93771053 .00000685 00000+0 31794-3 0 9997
2 27844 98.6796 72.4637 0010814 109.1846 251.0504 14.23851847124742
CUBESAT XI-IV (CO-57)
1 27848U 03031J 25062.48954490 .00000660 00000+0 31101-3 0 9994
2 27848 98.6824 72.0999 0010540 125.5534 234.6629 14.23207337124415
GENESIS 1
1 29252U 06029A 25062.94097588 .00081877 00000+0 77871-3 0 9995
2 29252 64.5068 354.4423 0031271 296.0079 63.7848 15.65746366 30843
GENESIS 2
1 31789U 07028A 25062.94931505 .00063570 00000+0 77175-3 0 9996
2 31789 64.4815 43.1472 0015000 320.6140 39.3911 15.60090056977596
APRIZESAT 4
1 35684U 09041D 25062.88678945 .00001395 00000+0 17703-3 0 9998
2 35684 98.1982 122.6625 0045134 46.1325 314.3602 14.82702956841643
APRIZESAT 3
1 35686U 09041F 25062.88737487 .00003965 00000+0 36486-3 0 9991
2 35686 98.1378 191.3388 0064917 177.8888 182.2618 14.93773613846104
PROBA-2
1 36037U 09059B 25062.75222215 .00000653 00000+0 16390-3 0 9998
2 36037 98.2352 247.9761 0012154 295.6688 64.3253 14.54443422813135
APRIZESAT 5
1 37792U 11044E 25062.70694470 .00002303 00000+0 30767-3 0 9993
2 37792 98.2332 338.5905 0055245 76.9213 283.8156 14.79508939729184
APRIZESAT 6
1 37793U 11044F 25062.66361661 .00001531 00000+0 22811-3 0 9995
2 37793 98.2716 318.1552 0044717 148.3492 274.6108 14.75746319727723
PROBA-V
1 39159U 13021A 25062.89145288 .00000165 00000+0 90346-4 0 9991
2 39159 98.3179 61.0486 0005377 75.1639 285.0135 14.23442830614202
APRIZESAT 7
1 39416U 13066A 25062.87145072 .00003264 00000+0 34391-3 0 9995
2 39416 97.7091 20.4039 0036423 332.2168 27.7104 14.89554032611166
APRIZESAT 8
1 39425U 13066K 25062.81627956 .00003049 00000+0 34808-3 0 9999
2 39425 97.7653 14.1430 0048467 34.8311 325.6060 14.85971880609776
BUGSAT-1 (TITA)
1 40014U 14033E 25062.88018439 .00005954 00000+0 37392-3 0 9995
2 40014 98.0870 124.1347 0031386 341.7761 18.2339 15.09284575584745
SAUDISAT 4
1 40016U 14033G 25062.93187592 .00001798 00000+0 24923-3 0 9998
2 40016 97.6922 222.5599 0046218 162.4723 197.8097 14.78415132576564
APRIZESAT 9
1 40018U 14033J 25062.89699966 .00001566 00000+0 24264-3 0 9999
2 40018 97.8360 204.8362 0066222 272.4767 86.8861 14.73133559574291
APRIZESAT 10
1 40019U 14033K 25062.92628344 .00001116 00000+0 18587-3 0 9998
2 40019 97.8993 197.4433 0079553 336.4611 23.2962 14.69938680573143
TECHDEMOSAT-1 (TDS-1)
1 40076U 14037H 25062.82691444 .00011990 00000+0 89570-3 0 9996
2 40076 98.3356 8.7519 0010455 57.9076 302.3160 15.02937963577326
TECHNOSAT
1 42829U 17042E 25062.93151391 .00005260 00000+0 42053-3 0 9995
2 42829 97.3897 236.3472 0011958 254.5222 105.4683 15.00567301416076
FLYING LAPTOP
1 42831U 17042G 25062.88904752 .00004839 00000+0 41451-3 0 9991
2 42831 97.3965 235.4612 0010410 282.2302 77.7756 14.97955234415971
HAWK-A
1 43765U 18099H 25062.72441058 .00005471 00000+0 35046-3 0 9995
2 43765 97.4583 118.1742 0012660 109.2707 250.9893 15.08881631341698
HAWK-B
1 43794U 18099AN 25062.66440394 .00006166 00000+0 39905-3 0 9992
2 43794 97.4589 118.0992 0012546 111.9437 248.3126 15.08451983341676
HAWK-C
1 43799U 18099AT 25062.65918033 .00005883 00000+0 37786-3 0 9996
2 43799 97.4590 118.0037 0012571 110.3969 249.8611 15.08752562342420
SALSAT
1 46495U 20068K 25062.90353835 .00009824 00000+0 45355-3 0 9992
2 46495 97.8522 36.6310 0013731 133.2571 226.9811 15.20352680243672
HAWK-2C
1 47502U 21006CT 25062.68109703 .00009030 00000+0 34687-3 0 9998
2 47502 97.2941 112.0611 0009629 84.6668 275.5669 15.26621943227525
HAWK-2A
1 47505U 21006CW 25062.55016103 .00008935 00000+0 34346-3 0 9993
2 47505 97.2999 112.3372 0009147 86.4989 273.7296 15.26606854227507
HAWK-2B
1 47508U 21006CZ 25062.68149563 .00009294 00000+0 35682-3 0 9990
2 47508 97.2859 111.5965 0009902 86.4064 273.8308 15.26628161227529
HAWK-3B
1 48931U 21059BE 25062.88715900 .00020066 00000+0 49295-3 0 9990
2 48931 97.6542 222.3104 0009018 238.7942 121.2420 15.40662384204857
HAWK-3C
1 48948U 21059BX 25062.88690841 .00020252 00000+0 49766-3 0 9994
2 48948 97.6791 226.7763 0009666 242.4880 117.5383 15.40646662204859
HAWK-3A
1 48957U 21059CG 25062.88674215 .00020022 00000+0 49197-3 0 9994
2 48957 97.6669 224.5545 0009730 236.0508 123.9813 15.40650570204857
HAWK-4B
1 52165U 22033J 25062.70864462 .00056210 00000+0 63602-3 0 9994
2 52165 97.2984 154.9450 0004013 80.4284 279.7428 15.62257890163488
HAWK-4A
1 52167U 22033L 25062.77227962 .00057855 00000+0 65399-3 0 9992
2 52167 97.2921 154.2865 0003632 82.6824 277.4847 15.62278516163493
HAWK-4C
1 52170U 22033P 25062.77220483 .00058250 00000+0 65842-3 0 9990
2 52170 97.2978 154.9787 0004651 66.2429 293.9316 15.62273225163496
HAWK-5C
1 52754U 22057Y 25062.89000822 .00015352 00000+0 47872-3 0 9999
2 52754 97.6012 195.9793 0006122 321.5411 38.5394 15.33315372153870
HAWK-5B
1 52756U 22057AA 25062.88987017 .00015250 00000+0 47555-3 0 9995
2 52756 97.5997 194.4005 0006655 315.7281 44.3428 15.33313064153873
HAWK-5A
1 52757U 22057AB 25062.88963597 .00015357 00000+0 47884-3 0 9996
2 52757 97.6006 195.1859 0006942 317.5814 42.4891 15.33313690153870
HAWK-6B
1 55324U 23011A 25062.66159226 .00007821 00000+0 40161-3 0 9990
2 55324 40.5156 203.3521 0000835 303.7707 56.3021 15.16570688116238
HAWK-6C
1 55326U 23011C 25062.66108075 .00008269 00000+0 42397-3 0 9998
2 55326 40.4839 201.2243 0000907 231.2220 128.8505 15.16574936116243
HAWK-6A
1 55327U 23011D 25062.66105175 .00007665 00000+0 39383-3 0 9997
2 55327 40.5001 202.3218 0000403 174.0965 185.9847 15.16567947116248
HAWK-7A
1 56191U 23054P 25062.64562223 .00010061 00000+0 40098-3 0 9992
2 56191 97.3403 314.6073 0006077 319.6592 40.4195 15.25387227105189
HAWK-7B
1 56193U 23054R 25062.64557013 .00009917 00000+0 39528-3 0 9999
2 56193 97.3299 312.9945 0007226 330.6599 29.4233 15.25383426105187
HAWK-7C
1 56200U 23054Y 25062.64542456 .00009493 00000+0 37852-3 0 9990
2 56200 97.3306 313.8011 0006345 331.9273 28.1622 15.25387940105186
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
Valid response received from NASA HORIZONS. (Planetary Information)
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: April 22, 2021 Neptune 899
PHYSICAL DATA (update 2021-May-03):
Mass x10^24 (kg) = 102.409 Density (g/cm^3) = 1.638
Equat. radius (1 bar) = 24766+-15 km Volume, 10^10 km^3 = 6254
Vol. mean radius (km) = 24624+-21 Polar radius (km) = 24342+-30
Geometric Albedo = 0.41 Flattening = 0.0171
Sid. rot. period (III)= 16.11+-0.01 hr Sid. rot. rate (rad/s) = 0.000108338
Mean solar day, h =~16.11 h
GM (km^3/s^2) = 6835099.97 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +-10
Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 11.15 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 11.41+-0.03
Visual magnitude V(1,0)= -6.87
Vis. mag. (opposition)= +7.84 Obliquity to orbit = 28.32 deg
Sidereal orbit period = 164.788501027 y Sidereal orbit period = 60189 d
Mean daily motion = 0.006020076dg/d Mean orbit velocity = 5.43 km/s
Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 72+-2 K Escape speed (1 bar) = 23.5 km/s
Aroche(ice)/Rp = 2.98 Hill's sphere rad., Rp = 4700
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 1.54 1.49 1.51
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 0.52 0.52 0.52
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 0.52 0.52 0.52
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Neptune (899) {source: nep097_merged}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: nep097_merged}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_NEPTUNE {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 24764.0, 24764.0, 24341.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: nep097_merged}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 21 13 37.77 -16 13 12.4 7.836 9.295 30.8526559810102 17.4581073 35.5568 /T 1.0937 Cap
2006-Jan-02 00:00 21 13 45.52 -16 12 38.1 7.837 9.295 30.8626176162207 17.0372686 34.5696 /T 1.0673 Cap
2006-Jan-03 00:00 21 13 53.34 -16 12 03.4 7.838 9.295 30.8723347509137 16.6115967 33.5828 /T 1.0406 Cap
2006-Jan-04 00:00 21 14 01.22 -16 11 28.5 7.838 9.295 30.8818048535732 16.1819066 32.5962 /T 1.0136 Cap
2006-Jan-05 00:00 21 14 09.18 -16 10 53.2 7.839 9.295 30.8910256847520 15.7483603 31.6101 /T 0.9863 Cap
2006-Jan-06 00:00 21 14 17.20 -16 10 17.6 7.840 9.295 30.8999949343299 15.3106356 30.6243 /T 0.9588 Cap
2006-Jan-07 00:00 21 14 25.28 -16 09 41.7 7.840 9.295 30.9087101170235 14.8685624 29.6390 /T 0.9310 Cap
2006-Jan-08 00:00 21 14 33.43 -16 09 05.5 7.841 9.295 30.9171688121671 14.4225578 28.6540 /T 0.9029 Cap
2006-Jan-09 00:00 21 14 41.63 -16 08 29.0 7.841 9.295 30.9253689707388 13.9734013 27.6693 /T 0.8745 Cap
2006-Jan-10 00:00 21 14 49.89 -16 07 52.3 7.842 9.295 30.9333089432984 13.5215892 26.6851 /T 0.8460 Cap
2006-Jan-11 00:00 21 14 58.21 -16 07 15.3 7.842 9.295 30.9409871767293 13.0669447 25.7012 /T 0.8171 Cap
2006-Jan-12 00:00 21 15 06.58 -16 06 38.0 7.843 9.295 30.9484018750355 12.6089001 24.7177 /T 0.7881 Cap
2006-Jan-13 00:00 21 15 15.00 -16 06 00.5 7.843 9.295 30.9555509620615 12.1471600 23.7345 /T 0.7588 Cap
2006-Jan-14 00:00 21 15 23.47 -16 05 22.7 7.844 9.295 30.9624323743988 11.6820685 22.7517 /T 0.7294 Cap
2006-Jan-15 00:00 21 15 31.98 -16 04 44.7 7.844 9.295 30.9690443717898 11.2143005 21.7692 /T 0.6997 Cap
2006-Jan-16 00:00 21 15 40.54 -16 04 06.5 7.845 9.295 30.9753855374632 10.7442019 20.7870 /T 0.6698 Cap
2006-Jan-17 00:00 21 15 49.15 -16 03 28.0 7.845 9.295 30.9814544662440 10.2714717 19.8051 /T 0.6398 Cap
2006-Jan-18 00:00 21 15 57.80 -16 02 49.4 7.846 9.295 30.9872494646995 9.7955197 18.8235 /T 0.6095 Cap
2006-Jan-19 00:00 21 16 06.49 -16 02 10.5 7.846 9.295 30.9927685769298 9.3161260 17.8421 /T 0.5791 Cap
2006-Jan-20 00:00 21 16 15.21 -16 01 31.5 7.846 9.295 30.9980099125732 8.8337227 16.8611 /T 0.5485 Cap
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: January 29, 2025 Uranus 799
PHYSICAL DATA:
Mass x10^24 (kg) = 86.813 Density (g/cm^3) = 1.271
Equat. radius (1 bar) = 25559+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 24973+-20
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 25362+-12 Flattening = 0.02293
Geometric Albedo = 0.51
Sid. rot. period (III)= 17.24+-0.01 h Sid. rot. rate (rad/s) = -0.000101237
Mean solar day, h =~17.24 Rocky core mass (Mc/M) = 0.0012
GM (km^3/s^2) = 5793950.6103 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +-4.3
Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 8.87 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 9.19+-0.02
Visual magnitude V(1,0)= -7.11
Vis. mag. (opposition)= +5.52 Obliquity to orbit = 97.77 deg
Sidereal orbit period = 84.0120465 y Sidereal orbit period = 30685.4 d
Mean daily motion = 0.01176904 dg/d Mean orbit velocity = 6.8 km/s
Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 76+-2 K Escape speed, km/s = 21.3
Aroche(ice)/Rp = 2.20 Hill's sphere rad., Rp = 2700
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 4.09 3.39 3.71
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 0.72 0.55 0.63
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 0.72 0.55 0.63
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Uranus (799) {source: ura183_merged}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_URANUS {East-longitude positive}
Target radii : 25559.0, 25559.0, 24973.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 22 38 25.64 -09 24 01.0 5.964 8.372 20.5888731681867 25.2814193 57.3026 /T 2.3644 Aqr
2006-Jan-02 00:00 22 38 33.96 -09 23 09.4 5.965 8.373 20.6033942664347 25.0026340 56.3202 /T 2.3380 Aqr
2006-Jan-03 00:00 22 38 42.44 -09 22 17.0 5.967 8.373 20.6177522129101 24.7163776 55.3384 /T 2.3111 Aqr
2006-Jan-04 00:00 22 38 51.06 -09 21 23.7 5.968 8.373 20.6319426255895 24.4226010 54.3574 /T 2.2834 Aqr
2006-Jan-05 00:00 22 38 59.82 -09 20 29.6 5.970 8.373 20.6459614703123 24.1223569 53.3770 /T 2.2552 Aqr
2006-Jan-06 00:00 22 39 08.73 -09 19 34.7 5.971 8.373 20.6598050194369 23.8155017 52.3974 /T 2.2263 Aqr
2006-Jan-07 00:00 22 39 17.77 -09 18 38.9 5.973 8.373 20.6734694708194 23.5023246 51.4186 /T 2.1968 Aqr
2006-Jan-08 00:00 22 39 26.95 -09 17 42.4 5.974 8.373 20.6869513842043 23.1833412 50.4405 /T 2.1667 Aqr
2006-Jan-09 00:00 22 39 36.27 -09 16 45.0 5.976 8.373 20.7002473470418 22.8584741 49.4631 /T 2.1359 Aqr
2006-Jan-10 00:00 22 39 45.72 -09 15 46.9 5.977 8.373 20.7133541421114 22.5283228 48.4864 /T 2.1046 Aqr
2006-Jan-11 00:00 22 39 55.29 -09 14 48.0 5.979 8.373 20.7262686264931 22.1923794 47.5104 /T 2.0728 Aqr
2006-Jan-12 00:00 22 40 05.00 -09 13 48.3 5.980 8.373 20.7389874124352 21.8507886 46.5352 /T 2.0403 Aqr
2006-Jan-13 00:00 22 40 14.83 -09 12 47.9 5.981 8.373 20.7515074240123 21.5039950 45.5606 /T 2.0073 Aqr
2006-Jan-14 00:00 22 40 24.78 -09 11 46.8 5.983 8.373 20.7638255170442 21.1515661 44.5867 /T 1.9738 Aqr
2006-Jan-15 00:00 22 40 34.86 -09 10 45.0 5.984 8.373 20.7759385524653 20.7939368 43.6135 /T 1.9397 Aqr
2006-Jan-16 00:00 22 40 45.05 -09 09 42.5 5.985 8.373 20.7878434715779 20.4307960 42.6409 /T 1.9051 Aqr
2006-Jan-17 00:00 22 40 55.36 -09 08 39.3 5.986 8.373 20.7995370903335 20.0623951 41.6689 /T 1.8699 Aqr
2006-Jan-18 00:00 22 41 05.78 -09 07 35.4 5.988 8.373 20.8110165592978 19.6891056 40.6976 /T 1.8343 Aqr
2006-Jan-19 00:00 22 41 16.32 -09 06 30.9 5.989 8.373 20.8222788449861 19.3102774 39.7268 /T 1.7981 Aqr
2006-Jan-20 00:00 22 41 26.96 -09 05 25.7 5.990 8.373 20.8333208304858 18.9263270 38.7567 /T 1.7615 Aqr
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: January 26, 2022 Saturn 699
PHYSICAL DATA:
Mass x10^26 (kg) = 5.6834 Density (g/cm^3) = 0.687+-.001
Equat. radius (1 bar) = 60268+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 54364+-10
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 58232+-6 Flattening = 0.09796
Geometric Albedo = 0.47 Rocky core mass (Mc/M) = 0.1027
Sid. rot. period (III)= 10h 39m 22.4s Sid. rot. rate (rad/s) = 0.000163785
Mean solar day, hrs =~10.656
GM (km^3/s^2) = 37931206.234 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 98
Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 10.44 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 12.14+-0.01
Vis. magnitude V(1,0) = -8.88
Vis. mag. (opposition)= +0.67 Obliquity to orbit = 26.73 deg
Sidereal orbit period = 29.447498 yr Sidereal orbit period = 10755.698 d
Mean daily motion = 0.0334979 deg/d Mean orbit velocity = 9.68 km/s
Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 134+-4 K Escape speed, km/s = 35.5
Aroche(ice)/Rp = 2.71 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 1100
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 16.8 13.6 15.1
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 4.7 4.5 4.6
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 4.7 4.5 4.6
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Saturn (699) {source: sat441l}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_SATURN {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 60268.0, 60268.0, 54364.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 08 49 48.97 +18 23 19.9 -0.041 6.206 8.23830846247428 -14.0685948 150.4926 /L 3.0545 Cnc
2006-Jan-02 00:00 08 49 33.01 +18 24 31.9 -0.046 6.203 8.23032127353257 -13.5895013 151.5780 /L 2.9518 Cnc
2006-Jan-03 00:00 08 49 16.77 +18 25 44.9 -0.051 6.200 8.22261238333539 -13.1049023 152.6644 /L 2.8479 Cnc
2006-Jan-04 00:00 08 49 00.25 +18 26 58.8 -0.056 6.197 8.21518488314626 -12.6151072 153.7519 /L 2.7430 Cnc
2006-Jan-05 00:00 08 48 43.48 +18 28 13.5 -0.061 6.194 8.20804167780178 -12.1205044 154.8403 /L 2.6369 Cnc
2006-Jan-06 00:00 08 48 26.44 +18 29 29.1 -0.065 6.191 8.20118543903993 -11.6213737 155.9296 /L 2.5299 Cnc
2006-Jan-07 00:00 08 48 09.17 +18 30 45.5 -0.070 6.188 8.19461870323045 -11.1180671 157.0197 /L 2.4219 Cnc
2006-Jan-08 00:00 08 47 51.66 +18 32 02.6 -0.075 6.185 8.18834378379356 -10.6108176 158.1106 /L 2.3130 Cnc
2006-Jan-09 00:00 08 47 33.92 +18 33 20.4 -0.080 6.181 8.18236294518582 -10.0997633 159.2022 /L 2.2031 Cnc
2006-Jan-10 00:00 08 47 15.97 +18 34 38.8 -0.085 6.178 8.17667827962265 -9.5852319 160.2945 /L 2.0925 Cnc
2006-Jan-11 00:00 08 46 57.82 +18 35 57.8 -0.090 6.175 8.17129170667411 -9.0675152 161.3874 /L 1.9810 Cnc
2006-Jan-12 00:00 08 46 39.47 +18 37 17.4 -0.095 6.171 8.16620506184768 -8.5466200 162.4808 /L 1.8688 Cnc
2006-Jan-13 00:00 08 46 20.94 +18 38 37.5 -0.100 6.167 8.16142010759451 -8.0228271 163.5748 /L 1.7558 Cnc
2006-Jan-14 00:00 08 46 02.23 +18 39 58.0 -0.105 6.163 8.15693850910717 -7.4961203 164.6691 /L 1.6422 Cnc
2006-Jan-15 00:00 08 45 43.37 +18 41 18.9 -0.110 6.159 8.15276187972381 -6.9667914 165.7639 /L 1.5279 Cnc
2006-Jan-16 00:00 08 45 24.34 +18 42 40.3 -0.116 6.155 8.14889169496376 -6.4349386 166.8589 /L 1.4131 Cnc
2006-Jan-17 00:00 08 45 05.18 +18 44 01.9 -0.121 6.150 8.14532940712908 -5.9005437 167.9542 /L 1.2977 Cnc
2006-Jan-18 00:00 08 44 45.88 +18 45 23.9 -0.127 6.145 8.14207650254184 -5.3636144 169.0495 /L 1.1819 Cnc
2006-Jan-19 00:00 08 44 26.46 +18 46 46.1 -0.134 6.139 8.13913436736076 -4.8243504 170.1448 /L 1.0656 Cnc
2006-Jan-20 00:00 08 44 06.93 +18 48 08.5 -0.141 6.132 8.13650438798620 -4.2826898 171.2398 /L 0.9489 Cnc
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
Saturn's approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness. The
value includes the ring system when the solar phase angle of the observer is
less than 6.5 degrees (typical when observed from Earth) AND effective ring
inclination is less than 27 degrees. Otherwise, the value is that of the globe
only (no rings). An "n.a." will be output if outside the range of phase-angles
for which the model is valid.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk.
MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: April 12, 2021 Jupiter 599
PHYSICAL DATA (revised 2025-Jan-30):
Mass x 10^26 (kg) = 18.9819 Density (g/cm^3) = 1.3262 +- .0003
Equat. radius (1 bar) = 71492+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 66854+-10
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 69911+-6 Flattening = 0.06487
Geometric Albedo = 0.52 Rocky core mass (Mc/M)= 0.0261
Sid. rot. period (III)= 9h 55m 29.711 s Sid. rot. rate (rad/s)= 0.00017585
Mean solar day, hrs = ~9.9259
GM (km^3/s^2) = 126686531.900 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 1.2732
Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 24.79 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 28.34
Vis. magnitude V(1,0) = -9.40
Vis. mag. (opposition)= -2.70 Obliquity to orbit = 3.13 deg
Sidereal orbit period = 11.861982204 y Sidereal orbit period = 4332.589 d
Mean daily motion = 0.0831294 deg/d Mean orbit speed, km/s= 13.0697
Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 165+-5 K Escape speed, km/s = 59.5
A_roche(ice)/Rp = 2.76 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 740
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 56 46 51
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 13.7 13.4 13.6
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 13.7 13.4 13.6
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Jupiter (599) {source: jup365_merged}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_JUPITER {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 71492.0, 71492.0, 66854.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: jup365_merged}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 14 44 26.39 -14 45 41.7 -1.815 5.532 5.91069815958463 -23.7721821 57.1267 /L 8.7317 Lib
2006-Jan-02 00:00 14 45 04.50 -14 48 28.0 -1.819 5.533 5.89690398867523 -23.9959174 57.9856 /L 8.8162 Lib
2006-Jan-03 00:00 14 45 42.21 -14 51 11.8 -1.824 5.533 5.88298262712076 -24.2118647 58.8463 /L 8.8989 Lib
2006-Jan-04 00:00 14 46 19.51 -14 53 53.2 -1.828 5.534 5.86893736677058 -24.4242840 59.7088 /L 8.9797 Lib
2006-Jan-05 00:00 14 46 56.40 -14 56 32.2 -1.832 5.535 5.85477252613147 -24.6275342 60.5730 /L 9.0588 Lib
2006-Jan-06 00:00 14 47 32.86 -14 59 08.6 -1.837 5.535 5.84049078919546 -24.8272064 61.4390 /L 9.1359 Lib
2006-Jan-07 00:00 14 48 08.89 -15 01 42.6 -1.842 5.536 5.82609607693569 -25.0209746 62.3067 /L 9.2112 Lib
2006-Jan-08 00:00 14 48 44.48 -15 04 14.0 -1.846 5.537 5.81159069179999 -25.2082426 63.1762 /L 9.2846 Lib
2006-Jan-09 00:00 14 49 19.63 -15 06 42.9 -1.851 5.537 5.79697849709934 -25.3929904 64.0476 /L 9.3560 Lib
2006-Jan-10 00:00 14 49 54.33 -15 09 09.3 -1.856 5.538 5.78226120403269 -25.5708431 64.9207 /L 9.4255 Lib
2006-Jan-11 00:00 14 50 28.58 -15 11 33.2 -1.861 5.538 5.76744199602800 -25.7458763 65.7958 /L 9.4930 Lib
2006-Jan-12 00:00 14 51 02.36 -15 13 54.5 -1.865 5.539 5.75252462471772 -25.9116791 66.6727 /L 9.5584 Lib
2006-Jan-13 00:00 14 51 35.66 -15 16 13.2 -1.870 5.540 5.73751185560507 -26.0748158 67.5515 /L 9.6219 Lib
2006-Jan-14 00:00 14 52 08.49 -15 18 29.3 -1.876 5.540 5.72240731294987 -26.2314803 68.4323 /L 9.6832 Lib
2006-Jan-15 00:00 14 52 40.84 -15 20 42.9 -1.881 5.541 5.70721322985773 -26.3825330 69.3151 /L 9.7425 Lib
2006-Jan-16 00:00 14 53 12.69 -15 22 53.8 -1.886 5.541 5.69193363676223 -26.5300750 70.1998 /L 9.7996 Lib
2006-Jan-17 00:00 14 53 44.05 -15 25 02.0 -1.891 5.542 5.67657014334246 -26.6712136 71.0867 /L 9.8546 Lib
2006-Jan-18 00:00 14 54 14.89 -15 27 07.7 -1.897 5.542 5.66112619703643 -26.8092540 71.9756 /L 9.9073 Lib
2006-Jan-19 00:00 14 54 45.22 -15 29 10.6 -1.902 5.543 5.64560541439477 -26.9374617 72.8666 /L 9.9579 Lib
2006-Jan-20 00:00 14 55 15.03 -15 31 10.9 -1.907 5.543 5.63001114652116 -27.0629044 73.7597 /L 10.0062 Lib
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: June 21, 2016 Mars 499 / 4
PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2019-Oct-29):
Vol. mean radius (km) = 3389.92+-0.04 Density (g/cm^3) = 3.933(5+-4)
Mass x10^23 (kg) = 6.4171 Flattening, f = 1/169.779
Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 16.318 Equatorial radius (km)= 3396.19
Sidereal rot. period = 24.622962 hr Sid. rot. rate, rad/s = 0.0000708822
Mean solar day (sol) = 88775.24415 s Polar gravity m/s^2 = 3.758
Core radius (km) = ~1700 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.71
Geometric Albedo = 0.150
GM (km^3/s^2) = 42828.375214 Mass ratio (Sun/Mars) = 3098703.59
GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 0.00028 Mass of atmosphere, kg= ~ 2.5 x 10^16
Mean temperature (K) = 210 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 0.0056
Obliquity to orbit = 25.19 deg Max. angular diam. = 17.9"
Mean sidereal orb per = 1.88081578 y Visual mag. V(1,0) = -1.52
Mean sidereal orb per = 686.98 d Orbital speed, km/s = 24.13
Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 319.8 Escape speed, km/s = 5.027
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 717 493 589
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 470 315 390
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 30 30 30
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Mars (499) {source: mar097}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_MARS {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 3396.19, 3396.19, 3376.2 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 02 32 15.02 +16 35 29.9 -0.597 4.456 0.77519869764264 14.7500341 120.6420 /T 33.5358 Ari
2006-Jan-02 00:00 02 33 13.14 +16 40 57.7 -0.571 4.457 0.78375024572645 14.8614541 119.8715 /T 33.8025 Ari
2006-Jan-03 00:00 02 34 13.47 +16 46 32.6 -0.550 4.453 0.79236500521378 14.9689214 119.1098 /T 34.0595 Ari
2006-Jan-04 00:00 02 35 15.96 +16 52 14.5 -0.523 4.454 0.80104071550073 15.0725261 118.3569 /T 34.3070 Ari
2006-Jan-05 00:00 02 36 20.56 +16 58 02.8 -0.487 4.465 0.80977518809526 15.1724248 117.6126 /T 34.5451 Ari
2006-Jan-06 00:00 02 37 27.23 +17 03 57.5 -0.440 4.488 0.81856633892153 15.2688184 116.8766 /T 34.7742 Ari
2006-Jan-07 00:00 02 38 35.91 +17 09 58.0 -0.422 4.481 0.82741220692898 15.3619283 116.1487 /T 34.9944 Ari
2006-Jan-08 00:00 02 39 46.57 +17 16 04.2 -0.405 4.474 0.83631095987380 15.4519763 115.4287 /T 35.2060 Ari
2006-Jan-09 00:00 02 40 59.14 +17 22 15.6 -0.371 4.484 0.84526089082616 15.5391730 114.7164 /T 35.4092 Ari
2006-Jan-10 00:00 02 42 13.60 +17 28 32.0 -0.328 4.502 0.85426040925600 15.6237103 114.0116 /T 35.6041 Ari
2006-Jan-11 00:00 02 43 29.89 +17 34 53.2 -0.313 4.494 0.86330802951239 15.7057591 113.3142 /T 35.7911 Ari
2006-Jan-12 00:00 02 44 47.97 +17 41 18.7 -0.303 4.479 0.87240235823975 15.7854680 112.6238 /T 35.9702 Ari
2006-Jan-13 00:00 02 46 07.80 +17 47 48.3 -0.279 4.480 0.88154208138094 15.8629630 111.9404 /T 36.1417 Ari
2006-Jan-14 00:00 02 47 29.34 +17 54 21.7 -0.266 4.470 0.89072595104293 15.9383472 111.2637 /T 36.3058 Ari
2006-Jan-15 00:00 02 48 52.56 +18 00 58.7 -0.244 4.468 0.89995277250819 16.0117018 110.5935 /T 36.4627 Ari
2006-Jan-16 00:00 02 50 17.42 +18 07 39.0 -0.225 4.463 0.90922139183063 16.0830870 109.9297 /T 36.6124 Ari
2006-Jan-17 00:00 02 51 43.88 +18 14 22.3 -0.228 4.437 0.91853068454968 16.1525452 109.2722 /T 36.7553 Ari
2006-Jan-18 00:00 02 53 11.91 +18 21 08.4 -0.198 4.445 0.92787954597364 16.2201032 108.6207 /T 36.8914 Ari
2006-Jan-19 00:00 02 54 41.49 +18 27 57.0 -0.176 4.444 0.93726688321527 16.2857753 107.9751 /T 37.0209 Ari
2006-Jan-20 00:00 02 56 12.58 +18 34 48.0 -0.161 4.437 0.94669160877907 16.3495662 107.3353 /T 37.1439 Ari
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: April 12, 2021 Earth 399
GEOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES (revised May 9, 2022):
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 6371.01+-0.02 Mass x10^24 (kg)= 5.97219+-0.0006
Equ. radius, km = 6378.137 Mass layers:
Polar axis, km = 6356.752 Atmos = 5.1 x 10^18 kg
Flattening = 1/298.257223563 oceans = 1.4 x 10^21 kg
Density, g/cm^3 = 5.51 crust = 2.6 x 10^22 kg
J2 (IERS 2010) = 0.00108262545 mantle = 4.043 x 10^24 kg
g_p, m/s^2 (polar) = 9.8321863685 outer core = 1.835 x 10^24 kg
g_e, m/s^2 (equatorial) = 9.7803267715 inner core = 9.675 x 10^22 kg
g_o, m/s^2 = 9.82022 Fluid core rad = 3480 km
GM, km^3/s^2 = 398600.435436 Inner core rad = 1215 km
GM 1-sigma, km^3/s^2 = 0.0014 Escape velocity = 11.186 km/s
Rot. Rate (rad/s) = 0.00007292115 Surface area:
Mean sidereal day, hr = 23.9344695944 land = 1.48 x 10^8 km
Mean solar day 2000.0, s = 86400.002 sea = 3.62 x 10^8 km
Mean solar day 1820.0, s = 86400.0 Love no., k2 = 0.299
Moment of inertia = 0.3308 Atm. pressure = 1.0 bar
Mean surface temp (Ts), K= 287.6 Volume, km^3 = 1.08321 x 10^12
Mean effect. temp (Te), K= 255 Magnetic moment = 0.61 gauss Rp^3
Geometric albedo = 0.367 Vis. mag. V(1,0)= -3.86
Solar Constant (W/m^2) = 1367.6 (mean), 1414 (perihelion), 1322 (aphelion)
HELIOCENTRIC ORBIT CHARACTERISTICS:
Obliquity to orbit, deg = 23.4392911 Sidereal orb period = 1.0000174 y
Orbital speed, km/s = 29.79 Sidereal orb period = 365.25636 d
Mean daily motion, deg/d = 0.9856474 Hill's sphere radius = 234.9
*******************************************************************************
Observer table for observer=target disallowed.
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: April 12, 2021 Venus 299 / 2
PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2020-Oct-19):
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 6051.84+-0.01 Density (g/cm^3) = 5.204
Mass x10^23 (kg) = 48.685 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 92.843
Sidereal rot. period = 243.018484 d Sid. Rot. Rate (rad/s)= -0.00000029924
Mean solar day = 116.7490 d Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 8.870
Mom. of Inertia = 0.33 Core radius (km) = ~3200
Geometric Albedo = 0.65 Potential Love # k2 = ~0.25
GM (km^3/s^2) = 324858.592 Equatorial Radius, Re = 6051.893 km
GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +-0.006 Mass ratio (Sun/Venus)= 408523.72
Atmos. pressure (bar) = 90 Max. angular diam. = 60.2"
Mean Temperature (K) = 735 Visual mag. V(1,0) = -4.40
Obliquity to orbit = 177.3 deg Hill's sphere rad.,Rp = 167.1
Sidereal orb. per., y = 0.61519726 Orbit speed, km/s = 35.021
Sidereal orb. per., d = 224.70079922 Escape speed, km/s = 10.361
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 2759 2614 2650
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 153 153 153
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 153 153 153
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Venus (299) {source: DE441}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_VENUS {East-longitude positive}
Target radii : 6051.8, 6051.8, 6051.8 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 20 07 28.55 -17 50 07.8 -4.548 0.913 0.28793941387098 -5.8032570 19.9865 /T 152.1511 Cap
2006-Jan-02 00:00 20 05 53.37 -17 39 06.9 -4.493 0.843 0.28470414188076 -5.3971859 18.6786 /T 154.0396 Sgr
2006-Jan-03 00:00 20 04 08.92 -17 28 25.6 -4.433 0.762 0.28170763641259 -4.9765439 17.3438 /T 155.9513 Sgr
2006-Jan-04 00:00 20 02 15.67 -17 18 04.9 -4.367 0.670 0.27895823643676 -4.5416222 15.9869 /T 157.8805 Sgr
2006-Jan-05 00:00 20 00 14.12 -17 08 05.7 -4.297 0.563 0.27646405696362 -4.0929098 14.6141 /T 159.8193 Sgr
2006-Jan-06 00:00 19 58 04.89 -16 58 29.0 -4.222 0.438 0.27423286707629 -3.6311172 13.2338 /T 161.7572 Sgr
2006-Jan-07 00:00 19 55 48.68 -16 49 15.6 -4.143 0.293 0.27227196001954 -3.1571803 11.8577 /T 163.6791 Sgr
2006-Jan-08 00:00 19 53 26.26 -16 40 26.5 -4.253 -0.068 0.27058802534896 -2.6722503 10.5024 /T 165.5634 Sgr
2006-Jan-09 00:00 19 50 58.50 -16 32 02.3 -4.311 -0.405 0.26918703002627 -2.1776738 9.1928 /T 167.3772 Sgr
2006-Jan-10 00:00 19 48 26.31 -16 24 03.8 -4.314 -0.711 0.26807411236409 -1.6749687 7.9672 /T 169.0694 Sgr
2006-Jan-11 00:00 19 45 50.68 -16 16 31.8 -4.276 -0.983 0.26725349098346 -1.1657966 6.8859 /T 170.5588 Sgr
2006-Jan-12 00:00 19 43 12.65 -16 09 26.8 -4.219 -1.207 0.26672839035734 -0.6519330 6.0402 /T 171.7217 Sgr
2006-Jan-13 00:00 19 40 33.27 -16 02 49.4 -4.175 -1.345 0.26650098447104 -0.1352341 5.5488 /T 172.3965 Sgr
2006-Jan-14 00:00 19 37 53.63 -15 56 40.2 -4.171 -1.356 0.26657236007059 0.3823976 5.5122 /L 172.4463 Sgr
2006-Jan-15 00:00 19 35 14.82 -15 50 59.5 -4.208 -1.236 0.26694250057420 0.8990498 5.9383 /L 171.8598 Sgr
2006-Jan-16 00:00 19 32 37.91 -15 45 47.6 -4.264 -1.023 0.26761029094131 1.4128369 6.7355 /L 170.7618 Sgr
2006-Jan-17 00:00 19 30 03.95 -15 41 04.8 -4.306 -0.758 0.26857354278041 1.9219327 7.7833 /L 169.3161 Sgr
2006-Jan-18 00:00 19 27 33.96 -15 36 51.2 -4.310 -0.458 0.26982903797206 2.4246018 8.9852 /L 167.6534 Sgr
2006-Jan-19 00:00 19 25 08.89 -15 33 06.8 -4.260 -0.128 0.27137258831248 2.9192238 10.2769 /L 165.8604 Sgr
2006-Jan-20 00:00 19 22 49.63 -15 29 51.4 -4.149 0.236 0.27319910827378 3.4043140 11.6175 /L 163.9919 Sgr
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
NASA Horizons Data:
API VERSION: 1.2
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API
*******************************************************************************
Revised: April 12, 2021 Mercury 199 / 1
PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2024-Mar-04):
Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 2439.4+-0.1 Density (g cm^-3) = 5.427
Mass x10^23 (kg) = 3.302 Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 6.085
Sidereal rot. period = 58.6463 d Sid. rot. rate (rad/s)= 0.00000124001
Mean solar day = 175.9421 d Core radius (km) = ~1600
Geometric Albedo = 0.106 Surface emissivity = 0.77+-0.06
GM (km^3/s^2) = 22031.86855 Equatorial radius, Re = 2440.53 km
GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = Mass ratio (Sun/plnt) = 6023682
Mom. of Inertia = 0.33 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.701
Atmos. pressure (bar) = < 5x10^-15 Max. angular diam. = 11.0"
Mean Temperature (K) = 440 Visual mag. V(1,0) = -0.42
Obliquity to orbit[1] = 2.11' +/- 0.1' Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 94.4
Sidereal orb. per. = 0.2408467 y Mean Orbit vel. km/s = 47.362
Sidereal orb. per. = 87.969257 d Escape vel. km/s = 4.435
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 14462 6278 9126
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 12700 5500 8000
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 6 6 6
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / API_USER Mon Mar 3 23:09:52 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Mercury (199) {source: DE441}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2006-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2006-Jan-20 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_MERCURY {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 2440.53, 2440.53, 2438.26 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.250303.p250530
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2025-MAR-03. PREDICTS-> 2025-MAY-29
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
**************************************************************************************************************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Cnst
**************************************************************************************************************************
$$SOE
2006-Jan-01 00:00 17 40 42.63 -23 31 38.9 -0.516 2.648 1.33116868825994 17.5642107 14.7652 /L 33.3878 Oph
2006-Jan-02 00:00 17 47 12.96 -23 41 16.4 -0.523 2.632 1.34102257101694 16.5644244 14.2925 /L 32.0273 Sgr
2006-Jan-03 00:00 17 53 46.13 -23 49 44.8 -0.532 2.615 1.35030366240266 15.5802148 13.8134 /L 30.7025 Sgr
2006-Jan-04 00:00 18 00 21.97 -23 57 02.5 -0.542 2.597 1.35902064101721 14.6104779 13.3283 /L 29.4097 Sgr
2006-Jan-05 00:00 18 07 00.31 -24 03 07.8 -0.555 2.578 1.36718150787447 13.6539722 12.8373 /L 28.1452 Sgr
2006-Jan-06 00:00 18 13 40.99 -24 07 59.2 -0.569 2.558 1.37479351095432 12.7093334 12.3407 /L 26.9057 Sgr
2006-Jan-07 00:00 18 20 23.88 -24 11 35.4 -0.585 2.536 1.38186307953385 11.7750933 11.8384 /L 25.6877 Sgr
2006-Jan-08 00:00 18 27 08.82 -24 13 55.0 -0.603 2.513 1.38839576961156 10.8496983 11.3307 /L 24.4881 Sgr
2006-Jan-09 00:00 18 33 55.70 -24 14 56.8 -0.623 2.488 1.39439621902865 9.9315239 10.8175 /L 23.3040 Sgr
2006-Jan-10 00:00 18 40 44.38 -24 14 39.7 -0.646 2.461 1.39986810942818 9.0188838 10.2989 /L 22.1325 Sgr
2006-Jan-11 00:00 18 47 34.75 -24 13 02.5 -0.671 2.432 1.40481413204578 8.1100346 9.7750 /L 20.9708 Sgr
2006-Jan-12 00:00 18 54 26.69 -24 10 04.2 -0.699 2.401 1.40923595493857 7.2031761 9.2458 /L 19.8164 Sgr
2006-Jan-13 00:00 19 01 20.08 -24 05 43.7 -0.730 2.368 1.41313419004900 6.2964507 8.7115 /L 18.6669 Sgr
2006-Jan-14 00:00 19 08 14.82 -24 00 00.1 -0.763 2.333 1.41650835911999 5.3879400 8.1723 /L 17.5200 Sgr
2006-Jan-15 00:00 19 15 10.80 -23 52 52.6 -0.800 2.295 1.41935685780485 4.4756621 7.6284 /L 16.3738 Sgr
2006-Jan-16 00:00 19 22 07.91 -23 44 20.1 -0.840 2.254 1.42167691738864 3.5575660 7.0804 /L 15.2267 Sgr
2006-Jan-17 00:00 19 29 06.05 -23 34 22.0 -0.884 2.210 1.42346456347690 2.6315266 6.5288 /L 14.0777 Sgr
2006-Jan-18 00:00 19 36 05.12 -23 22 57.4 -0.932 2.163 1.42471457095011 1.6953368 5.9748 /L 12.9266 Sgr
2006-Jan-19 00:00 19 43 05.02 -23 10 05.7 -0.983 2.113 1.42542041453356 0.7467004 5.4201 /L 11.7745 Sgr
2006-Jan-20 00:00 19 50 05.66 -22 55 46.0 -1.039 2.060 1.42557421454019 -0.2167774 4.8673 /L 10.6244 Sgr
$$EOE
**************************************************************************************************************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Cnst' =
Constellation ID; the 3-letter abbreviation for the name of the
constellation containing the target centers' astrometric position,
as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineation. See documentation
for list of abbreviations.
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov
**************************************************************************************************************************
Error: HTTP request error: Request to N2YO API failed with status code: NotFound
