using System;

using System.Linq;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using static System.Console;

​

/* C# Traits  */

/* This is an example of Trait based programming in C#.

    From my recollection and understanding, this is also the pattern employed in Rust.

    The pitfall of this in C#, is that you can't access protected members within the drived class. No idea why.

    This means if you want to have default properties, you have to make setters public :(

    Given how well this pattern seems to work for an complicated actor system, I'm willing to accept the public setters.

    For business software, its a hard-pass/no-go.

    */

​

        public interface IFlier

    {

        void TakeFlight() {

            _flightSpeed = 34.2f;

            Console.WriteLine("I'm flying");

        }

        float FlightSpeed => _flightSpeed;

        protected float _flightSpeed {get; set;}

​

        protected void SetFlightSpeed(float speed) => _flightSpeed = speed;

​

    }

​

    public class Bird : IFlier

    {

        /* NOTE: You do not have to define FlightSpeed readonly property here. It is inherited*/

​

        /* You must explicitly define this and use IFlier on it or the compiler will not

         * allow it because its protected in the interface */

        float IFlier._flightSpeed { get; set; }

    }

​

    public class RegularPig

    {

​

    }

​

    public class FlyingPig : IFlier

    {

        /* Weird quirk. Even though you are REQUIRED to define this here,

         * you can't actually access it in any internal methods. */

        float IFlier._flightSpeed { get; set; }

​

        /*

        new void TakeFlight()

        {

            _flightSpeed = 3.5f; // <- This would not work.  I don't know why.

            Console.WriteLine("I'm flying");

        }*/

    }

​

​

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            var bird = new Bird();

            var fpig = new FlyingPig();

            var pig = new RegularPig();

​

            if (bird is IFlier f)

            {

                f.TakeFlight();

                WriteLine($"My Speed: {f.FlightSpeed}");

            }

​

            if (fpig is IFlier fp)

            {

                fp.TakeFlight();

                WriteLine($"My Speed: {fp.FlightSpeed}");

            }

​

            if (pig is IFlier p)

            {

                 p.TakeFlight();

                 WriteLine($"My Speed: {p.FlightSpeed}");

            }

​

            WriteLine("End Program");

        }

    }