using System;

​

class NullHandling

{

    public static void Main()

    {

        // Using the null-coalescing operator

        int? x = null;

        int y = x ?? 0;  // y = 0 (if x is null)

        Console.WriteLine(y);

​

        // Using the null-conditional operator

       // string name = "John";

        string name = null;

        string upperName = name?.ToUpper();  // upperName = "JOHN"

        Console.WriteLine(upperName);

        // Using the "is" operator

        object value = null;

        if (value is int i)

        {

            Console.WriteLine(i);

        }

        else

        {

            Console.WriteLine("value is not an int");

        }

​

        // Using the "as" operator

        object obj = "Hello";

        string str = obj as string;  // str = "Hello"

        Console.WriteLine(y);

    }

}

​