using System;

​

public class Program

{

    public static void Main()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

/*

        ---------------Syntax of Variables ---------------

        syntax: type identifier = value of the type

        example: int myNumber = 50;

*/

        // ********************** Numeric Data Types *********************

        //Integer: int -stores integers, whole number, without decimals. signed: means it can be a negative

            int myInt = 565786;

        //Float: float - stores a floating point number, with decimals, MUST postfix it with a 'f'

            float myFloat = 3.141f;

            float myPreciseFLoat = 3.141592f;

        //Double: double -stores a floating point number with decimals, MUST postfix with a 'D'

            double myDouble = 3.141D;

            double myPreciseDouble = 3.141592653597431D;

        //**************** Character Data Type ********************

        //Character: char -stores an individual character, one and onlu one alpanumeric or symbol

            char myCharacter = 'A';

        //******************* Boolean Data Type ******************

        //Boolean: bool - has one of two values: true or false, used in conditional statements

            boool myBoolean = true;

        //Strings: string -Stores zero or more characters inbetween double quotes " "

            string myString = "Hello World";

        /*

            Numeric Sizes: a.k.a memory size and precision

            What's the largest/smallest number we can store in our numeric data types

            In computing data is stored in 1's and 0's (binary) each 1 or 0 is called a bit

            8bits = 1 bytes

            int - 4 bytes - 32bits can store a number up to approc. 2 billion

            long - 8 bytes - 64bits can store a number up to: 9223,372,036,854,775,807

            floats - floats can have precision, precision is the number digits to the right of the decimal place up to 7 digits

            doubles - same as a float but you may have up to 15 digits

            Booleans are used in conditional stratements, these statements are used to make decisions in your code.

            We do so by using conditional operators.

            string - are just ''string'' of charcaters that are in a sequence. 2 bytes per character

            */  

    /*

            *******************Type Casting / Conversion ******************

            TYpe Cating: When we assign a value one data type to another

            Implicit Casting: Austomatically odne - only works when we go from a smaller size type to a larger

                char -> int -> float -> double

            Explicit Casting: Manually done - conver a largfe type to a smaller type, sometimes end up losing some data

                double -> float -> long -> int -> char

            */

        //Implicit Conversions

        int myInt2 = 25;

        double myIntToDouble = myInt2;  //Automatically converted

        Console.WriteLine(myInt2);

        Console.WriteLine(myIntToDouble);

        //Explicit Conversion

        double myPi = 3.14159D;

        int myPiInt = (int) myPi; //putting the data type we want to convert to inside () will convert the value for us

        Console.WriteLine(myPi);

        Console.WriteLine(mPiInt);

        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(myInt2));

    }

}